June, 2010
MS-51 : Operations Research
1. (a) "Operations Research (OR) is an aid for the executive in making his/her decisions by providing him/her with needed quantitative information based on the scientific method of analysis". Discuss the statement and give atleast two examples to illustrate how operations research is helpful in decision making.
(b) A manufacturing company is producing two products A and B. Each requires processing on two machines 1 and 2. Product A requires 03 hours of processing on machine 1 and 02 hours on machine 2. Product B requires 2 hours of processing on machine 1 and 6 hours on machine 2. The unit profits for product A and product B are Rs. 10 and Rs. 20 respectively. The available time in a given quarter on machine 1 and machine 2 are 1200 hrs and 1500 hrs respectively. The market survey has predicted that not more than 400 units of product A and not more than 250 units of product B can be sold in the given quarter. The company wants to determine the product mix to maximize the profits. Formulate the problem as linear programming mathematical model and determine the profit.
2. (a) Why is the simplex method a better technique than a graphical approach for ost real cases ? Construct the dual to the following primal problem :
Max z = 6x1 + 10x2
Subject to the constraints
4x 1 +12x2 < 100
6x1 + 4x2 < 70
10x1 — 6x < 20
x2 < 20
x1, > x2 > 0
(b) In a grocery store, the daily demand of bread over a 100 days period has the following frequency distribution :
Daily Demand |
0 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
Number of Days |
5 |
25 |
35 |
20 |
5 |
10 |
Using the above data, and random numbers (27, 13, 80, 10, 54, 60, 49, 78, 66, 44), simulate a 10 - days sequence of the demand of bread.
3. (a) Suggest optimum assignment of 4 workers A, B, C and D to 4 Jobs I, II, III, and IV. The time taken by different workers in completing the different jobs is given below :
JOBS |
|||||
I |
II |
III |
IV |
||
A |
8 |
10 |
12 |
16 |
|
WORKERS |
B |
11 |
11 |
15 |
8 |
C |
9 |
6 |
5 |
14 |
|
D |
15 |
14 |
9 |
7 |
Also indicate the total time taken in completing the jobs.
(b) Find the initial solution of the following transportation problem by using Vogel Approximation Method :
DESTINATION |
||||||
|
P |
Q |
R |
S |
SUPPLY |
|
SOURCE |
A |
21 |
16 |
25 |
13 |
11 |
B |
17 |
18 |
14 |
23 |
13 |
|
C |
32 |
17 |
18 |
41 |
19 |
|
DEMAND |
6 |
10 |
12 |
15 |
Also find its optimal solution by using MODI method.
4. (a) What are the limitations of Game theory ? Show how a two persons zero - sum game problem can be formulated as a linear programming problem.
(b) For the following game, find the optimal strategies of A and B and the value of the game by using the principle of dominance :
PLAYER B |
|||||
B1 |
B2 |
B3 |
B4 |
||
Al |
7 |
6 |
8 |
9 |
|
PLAYER A |
A2 |
— 4 |
—3 |
9 |
10 |
A3 |
3 |
0 |
4 |
2 |
|
A4 |
10 |
5 |
—2 |
0 |
5. (a) "Small variations in optimal order size will not change the total cost appreciably". Do you agree with this statement ? Give Justification in support of your answer.
(b) A purchase manager places an order each time for a lot of 500 units of product A. From the available data, the following results are obtained :
Inventory carrying cost = 40% of purchase cost
Ordering cost per order = Rs.600
Cost per unit = Rs.50
Annual demand = 1000
Find out the loss to the organization due to his ordering policy.
6. Write short notes on any three of the following :
(a) Travelling salesman problem
(b) ABC Analysis
(c) Non-linear programming
(d) Similarities between dynamic programming and linear programming
(e) Branch and bound method